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Alexander Calder

알렉산더 칼더 (1898~1976)
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  Alexander Calder was born in 1898 in Lawnton, PA and died in New York in 1976. Calder's illustrious career spanned much of the 20th century; he is the most acclaimed and influential sculptor of our time. Born in a family of celebrated, though more classically trained artists, Calder utilized his innovative genius to profoundly change the course of modern art. He began by developing a new method of sculpting: by bending and twisting wire, he essentially "drew" three-dimensional figures in space. He is renowned for the invention of the mobile, whose suspended, abstract elements move and balance in changing harmony. Calder also devoted himself to making outdoor sculpture on a grand scale from bolted sheet steel. Today, these stately titans grace public plazas in cities throughout the world.

  알렉산더 칼더는 1898년 펜실베니아의 Lawnton에서 태어나 1976년 뉴욕에서 사망하였다. 칼더의 20세기 전반에 큰 영향을 미친 작가이자 현 시대에서 가장 저명하고 영향력 있던 조각가이다. 유명하고 더 고전적인 예술을 추구했던 집안에서 태어난 칼더는 그의 혁신적인 천재성을 근대 예술의 방향성을 심오하게 변화시키는 것에 사용하였다. 그는 먼저 조각의 새 방법론을 찾기 위해서 노력하였는데, 철사를 구부리고 비트는 것을 통해서 삼차원 물체를 “그려내는” 것에 치중하였다. 그는 모빌을 만들어낸 것으로 유명한데, 모빌이란 정지되고 추상적인 요소들이 움직이고 균형을 잡으며 조화를 만들어내는 조각의 한 일종이다. 칼더는 볼트로 고정된 철판을 이용해서 거대한 규모의 실외 조각품을 만들어내는 것에도 몰두하였다. 오늘날 이 위엄이 넘치는 거대 작품들은 전세계 도시들의 광장을 더 빛나게 만들어주고 있다.

Profile

Born in 1898, Lawnton, PA.
Died in 1976, New York.

Education:
1926 Académie de la Grande Chaumière, Paris.
1923-1925 Art Students League, New York.
1919 BS, Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology.

Solo Exhibitions:
2011 Alexander Calder, Gagosian Gallery, London (Davies Street).
2010 Alexander Calder, Gagosian Gallery, New York.
2009 Monumental Sculpture, Gagosian Gallery, Rome.
2005 Monumental Sculpture, Gagosian Gallery, New York.
Alexander Calder 60’s-70’s, GióMarconi, Milan.
Calder: The Forties, Thomas Dane, London.
2004 Calder/Miró, Foundation Beyeler, Riehen, Switzerland. Traveled to: Phillips Collection,
Washington, D.C. (through 2005).
Calder: Sculpture and Works on Paper, Elin Eagles-Smith Gallery, San Francisco, CA.
590 Madison Avenue, New York.
2003 Calder, Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles.
Calder: Gravity and Grace, Guggenheim Bilbao, Spain. Traveled to: Museo Nacional Centro de
Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid (through 2004).
Alexander Calder: Poetry In Motion, Kukje Gallery, Seoul, Korea (through 2004).
Alexander Calder in Focus: Works from the Leonard and Ruth Horwich Family Loan, Museum
of Contemporary Art, Chicago (through 2004).
Calder in Miniature, PaceWildenstein at The Art Show, 7th Regiment Armory, New York.
A Modern Definition of Space: Calder Sculpture, Van de Weghe Fine Art, New York.
Thirty Three Women, Thomas Ammann Fine Art, Zurich.
The Whimsical World of Alexander Calder, Gerald Peters Gallery, Santa Fe, NM.
2002 Alexander Calder in Focus: Works from the Leonard and Ruth Horwich Family Loan, Museum
of Contemporary Art, Chicago (through 2003).
Alexander Calder: the Art of Invention, Bellagio Gallery of Fine Art, Las Vegas, NV.
Calder ‘76/The Cutouts, PaceWildenstein, New York.
Alexander Calder: Summer Installation, PaceWildenstein, New York.
Calder: Four Maquettes, Two Stabiles & A Little Bird Too, Ameringer Yohe Fine Art, New York.
2001 Grand Intuitions: Calder’s Monumental Sculpture, Storm King Art Center, Mountainville, New
York (through 2003).
Calder, Crane Kalman Gallery, London.
2000 Alexander Calder: Color and Motion, Iwaki City Art Museum, Japan. Traveled to: The Museum
of Modern Art, Toyama, Japan; Hokkaido Obihiro Museum of Art, Japan; The Museum
of Art, Kochi, Japan; Hiroshima Prefectural Art Museum, Kawamura, Japan; Nagoya City Art Museum, Japan.
Alexander Calder in Focus: Works from the Leonard and Ruth Horwich Family Loan, Museum
of Contemporary Art, Chicago (through 2001).
Alexander Calder in Focus, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.
Calder in Connecticut, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT.
1999 Alexander Calder Sculpture, Lever House, 390 Park Avenue, New York.
Motion–Emotion: The Art of Alexander Calder, O’Hara Gallery, New York.
1998 Three Stabiles: A Calder Centennial at the Phillips Collection, The Phillips Collection,
Washington, D.C. (through 1999).
Alexander Calder: 1898–1976, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Traveled to: San
Francisco Museum of Modern Art, CA.
Alexander Calder: Grand Stabiles, Storm King Art Center, Mountainville, New York.
1997 Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona, (through 1998).
1995 Celebrating Calder, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. Traveled to: The Baltimore
Museum of Art, MD; Albright–Know Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY (through 1996).
Alexander Calder, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark. Traveled to:
Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden; Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris (through 1996).
Alexander Calder: the 50’s, PaceWildenstein, Los Angeles. Traveled to: PaceWildenstein, New
York (through 1996).
Calder Jewelry, A/D, New York.
The Mobile, the Stabile, the Animal: Wit in the Art of Alexander Calder, Bruce Museum, Greenwich, CT.
1994 Alexander Calder: L'imaginaire et L'équilibre, Musée de Québec, Canada (through 1995).
Art Cars, Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand, Brazil.
Calder, O'Hara Gallery, New York.
1993 Big Crinkly, Andre Emmerich Gallery, Bryant Park, New York.
Alexander Calder: Five Grand Stabiles, Storm King Art Center, Mountainville, New York.
Alexander Calder: Die großen Skulpturen/Der andere Calder, Kunst und Ausstellungshalle der
Budesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, Germany.
Alexander Calder: Sculpture, Paintings, Works on Paper, O'Hara Gallery,New York.
Alexander Calder: Monumental Sculpture, Gagosian Gallery, New York.
1992 Calder: Oils, Gouaches, Mobiles and Tapestries, Crane Gallery, London.
IVAM Centre Julio Gonzalez, Valencia, Spain.
Alexander Calder: Mobiles and Gouaches, Sammlung Hauser & Wirth, Zurich.
1991 Celebrating Calder, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (through 1992).
Mobiles, Gouaches, Tapestries, Gallery Urban, New York & Paris.
1990 Sculpture, Paintings & Gouaches, Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, Inc., Los Angeles (through 1991).
1990 Calder: Dix Gouaches 1970–1973, Galerie Bonnier, Geneva, Switzerland.
Works on Paper, Simon Capstick-Dale Fine Art, New York.
1989 Calder Intime, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, Paris. Traveled to: El Centro Cultural/Arte
Contemporaneo, Mexico City; Cooper Hewitt Museum, New York; Minneapolis
Institute of Art, MN; and Seibu Hall, Tokyo (through 1990).
Mobiles, Greenberg Gallery Annex, St. Louis, MO.
Calder Stabiles, The Pace Gallery, New York.
1988 Alexander Calder: Sculpture of the 1930's, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
Calder: Drawings, Stabiles, Mobiles, Barbara Mathes Gallery, New York.
Standing and Hanging Mobiles 1945–1976, Galleria Seno, Milan. Traveled to Edward Totah Gallery, London.
Alexander Calder; Selected Work, Arnold Herstand Gallery, New York.
1987 Alexander Calder: Bronzes, The Pace Gallery, New York.
1986 Bakalar Sculpture Gallery, List Visual Arts Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Alexander Calder, An American Invention, Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
1985 Galerie Maeght, Lelong, Paris.
Calder's Calders, The Pace Gallery, New York.
Calder's Creatures Great and Small, Hudson River Museum, New York. Traveled to: Delaware
Art Museum, Cedar Rapids Art Museum, IA.
1984 Rachel Alder Gallery, New York.
Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela.
M. Knoedler, Zurich AG Kirchglasse.
1983 Flint Institute of Arts in the Dewaters Art Center, MI.
M. Knoedler & Co., New York.
Calder: A Retrospective Exhibition, Palazzo a Vela, Turin, Italy.
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Made at the Zoo and Elsewhere Too! Fort Worth Art Museum, TX
Maeght Galerie, Zurich.
1982 University Art Museum, University of California at Berkely. (through 1983).
M. Knoedler & Co., New York.
1981 Waddington and Mayor Galleries, London
1981 Brewster Gallery, New York.
1980 Standing Mobiles, M. Knoedler & Co., New York.
1979 Marisa del Re Gallery, New York.
Rolly–Michaux Gallery, New York.
1978 Alexander Calder: Sculpture of the 1970's, M. Knoedler & Co., New York.
Calder Gouaches, Rolly-Michaux Gallery, New York.
1977 Bonino Gallery, New York.
Galerie Maeght, Barcelona.
Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
1976 Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance, PA.
Makler Gallery, Philadelphia, PA
Perls Galleries, New York.
Calder's Universe, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
1975 Crags and Critters, Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Center for the Arts Gallery, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT
Galerie Parallele, Geneva, Switzerland.
National Collection of Fine Arts/Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
1975 Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
Mitchell Sewall Gallery, New York.
Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany.
Perls Galleries, New York.
1974 Katonah Gallery, New York.
Centre Culturel de Saint-Pierre des Corps, France.
Galerie Jeanne Abeille, Toulouse, France.
Musée Municipal, Cluny, France.
Crags and Critters, Perls Galleries, New York.
Calder Festival, Chicago.
Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.
Galerie Cour Saint Pierre, Geneva, Switzerland.
Leonard Hutton Galleries, New York.
1973 Recent Mobiles, Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Tapestries, Kunsthalle, Bielefeld, Germany.
Galerie T. Roussel, Perpignan, France.
Sala Gaspar, Barcelona.
Retrospective, Galerie Maeght, Zurich.
Palais des Beaux-Arts, Charleroi, France.
Detroit Institute of the Arts, MI
University of Hartford, CT.
Calder at 75—Works in Progress, Perls Galleries, New York.
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York.
1972 Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
Circus drawings and Early Circus Oils, Perls Galleries, New York.
Sala Pelaires, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Galerie Bollack, Strasbourg, France.
1971 Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Perls Galleries, New York.
Kouler Gallery, Chicago.
Perls Galleries, New York.
Galerie Blanche, Stockholm.
Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Perls Galleries, New York.
Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi, France. Traveled to: Maison des Arts et Loisirs, Sochaux, France.
American Academy of Arts and Letters, New York.
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
Taft Museum, Cincinnati, OH.
Brook Street Gallery, London.
Galerie d'Art Moderne, Basel, Switzerland.
Studio Marconi, Milan.
Gimpel Fils, London.
John Berggruen Gallery, San Francisco, CA.
Galleria dell'Obelisco, Rome.
1970 Perls Galleries, New York.
The Circus, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
Long Beach Museum of Art, CA.
Fine Arts Gallery, San Diego, CA.
Phoenix Museum of Art, AZ.
Kouler Gallery, Chicago.
Perls Galleries, New York.
1970 Galerie Blanche, Stockholm, Sweden.
1969 A Salute to Alexander Calder, The Museum of Modern Art, New York (through 1970).
Grand Rapids Museum, MI.
Grand Valley State College, Allendale, MI.
Retrospective at the Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France.
Calder in Venezuela, Fundacion Eugenio Mendoza, Caracas, Venezuela.
Donald Morris Gallery, Detroit, MI.
Gimpel Fils, London.
Perls Galleries, New York.
1968 Donald Morris Gallery, Detroit, MI (through 1969).
Retrospective exhibition at Maison de la Culture, Bourges, France.
Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France.
Flèches, Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Perls Galleries, New York.
Dayton's Gallery 12, Minneapolis, MO.
Musée des Augustins, Toulouse, France.
1967 The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.
Retrospective exhibition at Akademie der Künste, West Berlin.
Galleria Arco d'Alibert/Studio d'Arte, Rome.
Edgardo Acosta Gallery, Beverly Hills.
Perls Galleries, New York.
1966 Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, MA.
Institute of Contemporary Arts, London.
Perls Galleries, New York.
Donald Morris Gallery, Detroit, MI.
1965 Makler Gallery, Philadelphia, PA.
Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris.
1964 Galleria del Naviglio, Milan.
Galleria Cavallino, Venice, Italy.
Grosvenor Gallery, London, October–November, (circus drawings)
Perls Galleries, New York.
Circus Drawings, Wire Sculptures and Toys, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX.
Retrospective , Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York.
1963 Perls Gallery, Beverly Hills.
Perls Galleries, New York.
Galerie Vomel, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Large Stabiles, Galerie Maeght, Paris.
1962 Musée de Rennes, France, (through 1963).
Spoleto, Italy.
Librairie Galerie La Hune, Paris.
Retrospective exhibition at the Tate Gallery, London.
Gouaches, Lincoln Gallery, London.
Perls Galleries, New York.
Galerie Blanche, Stockholm.
1961 Gouaches, Lincoln Gallery, London
Tapestry, Galerie d'Aubusson, Paris.
1960 Large Stabiles, Perls Galleries, New York.
1959 Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Museu de Arte Moderna, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.
1958 Perls Gallery, New York.
Galerie Blanche, Stockholm.
1957 Restrospective exhibition, Kunsthalle Basel, Switzerland.
1956 Perls Galleries, New York.
Galleria dell'Obelisco, Rome.
Galleria del Naviglio, Milan.
Musée Grimaldi, Antibes, France.
Galerie Lucie Weil, Paris.
1955 Curt Valentin Gallery, New York.
Reid and Lefevre Gallery, London.
Museo di Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela.
1954 Cahiers d'Art, Christian Zervos, Paris.
Galerie Maeght, Paris.
1953 Christian Zervos, Aix-en-Provence, France. Traveled to: Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN; Frank
Perls Gallery, Beverly Hills; Naum Gabo, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT.
1952 Gongs and Towers, Curt Valentin Gallery, New York. Traveled to: Margaret
Brown Gallery, Boston, MA.
Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Galerie der Spiegel, Cologne, France.
1951 Lefevre Gallery, London.
Neue Galerie, Vienna
Vienna Art Club, Vienna.
U.S. Information Center, Vienna.
1950 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. (through 1951).
Galerie Maeght, Paris.
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.
Galerie Blanche, Stockholm.
Institute of Contemporary Arts, Washington, D.C.
1949 Margaret Brown Gallery, Boston, MA.
Buchholz Gallery, New York.
1948 Ministerio de Educacao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Museu de Arte, São Paulo, Spain.
California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francsico, CA.
Institute of Contemporary Arts, Washington, D. C.
1947 The Portland Museum of Art, OR.
Calder's Mobiles , Buchholz Gallery, New York.
1946 Galerie Louis Carré, Paris.
1945 Samuel B. Kootz Gallery, New York.
Buchholz Gallery, New York.
1944 Buchholz Gallery, Curt Valentin, New York.
1943 The Museum of Modern Art, New York (through 1944).
Arts Club of Chicago.
Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York.
Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA.
1941 Wallace K. Harrison's home, Huntington, Long Island, NY.
New Orleans Arts & Crafts Club, LA.
Design Project, Los Angeles.
Marian Willard Gallery, New York.
1941 San Francisco Museum of Art, CA.
1940 Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York.
Marian Willard Gallery, New York.
1939 Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York.
1938 Freddy Mayor Gallery, London.
Retrospective, George Walter Vincent Smith Art Gallery, Springfield, MA.
1937 Circus performances, London
Freddy Mayor Gallery, London.
Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York.
1936 Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY.
Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York.
1935 Renaissance Society, University of Chicago.
Arts Club, Chicago.
Circus performances, Chicago.
1934 Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York.
1933 University of Madrid.
Amics de l'Art Nou, Barcelona.
Pierre Loeb, Paris.
Galerie Pierre Colle, Paris.
Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, MA.
1932 Galerie Vignon, Paris.
Julien Levy Gallery, New York.
1931 Volumes, Vecteurs, Densités, Desseins, Portraits, Galerie Percier, Paris.
1930 Harvard Society for Contemporary Art, Cambridge, MA.
Circus performances, Paris
Salon d'Araignée, Paris.
Salon des Surindependants, Paris.
1929 Galerie Billiet, Paris.
Weyhe Gallery, New York.
1928 Circus performances, New York.
Weyhe Gallery, New York.
Circus performance, Paris.
1927 Performances of Miniature Circus, Paris.
Salon des Humoristes, Paris.
1926 The Artists' Gallery, New York.

Group Exhibitions:
2011 Malevich and the American Legacy, Gagosian Gallery, New York (Madison Avenue).
2010 Yves Tanguy and Alexander Calder, L&M Arts, New York.
2008 for what you are about to receive, Gagosian Gallery/ Red October, Moscow.
2005 Sculpture, Dominique Lévy Fine Art, New York.
Winterpaperseven, Woodward Gallery, New York.
Large Scale Works, Gagosian Gallery, New York
A Gallery Portfolio, Flomenhaft, New York.
Surrealism USA, National Academy Museum, New York.
2004 Calder/ Noguchi, 590 Madison Avenue, New York (through 2005).
Calder/Miró, Fondation Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland. Traveled to: The Phillips Collection,
Washington, D.C. (through 2005).
Around the World in Forty Years (Organized by The ART in Embassies Program), South Court,
Diplomatic Reception Rooms, and Delegates Lounge, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C.
2003 American Cutout, The New York Studio School of Drawing, New York.
2002 Pierre Matisse and His Artists, The Morgan Library, New York.
Claude Monet... up to digital impressionism, Fondation Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland.
Vital Forms, American Art in the Atomic Age, 1940–1960, Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York (through 2002).
Alexander Calder, Richard Serra, Frank Stella, Van De Weghe Fine Art, New York (through 2002).
The Cultural Desert: Art, Medicine & Environment, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ (through 2002).
Inside Contemporary Sculpture, Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art, AZ (through 2002).
Objective Color, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT.
The Lenore and Burton Gold Collection of 20th–Century Art, High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA.
Recent Acquisitions, Alan Koppel Gallery, Chicago.
Amused; Humor in Contemporary Art, Carrie Secrist Gallery, Chicago.
2000 Tapestries by 20th Century Masters: Calder, Chagall, Picasso, Kandinsky Klee, Miró, Kunsthauswien, Vienna.
Earthly Forms: The Biomorphic Sculpture of Arp, Noguchi and Calder,PaceWildenstein, New York.
Art at Work: Forty Years of the Chase Manhattan Collection, Queens Museum of Art, Flushing
Meadows, New York.
American Bricolage, Sperone Westwater, New York.
Group Show, Grant Selwyn Fine Art, New York.
1999 Renoir to Rothko: The Eye of Duncan Phillips, The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, 
(through 2000).
Art and Industry: Contemporary Porcelain from Sèvres, American CraftMuseum, New York.
Group Exhibition, PaceWildenstein, New York.
Art at Work: Forty Years of The Chase Manhattan Collection, The Museum of Fine Arts,
Houston and Contemporary Arts Museum, TX.
The American Century: Art and Culture 1900–1950, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
Summer ‘99, PaceWildenstein, New York.
1998 A Grand Design, Baltimore Museum of Art, MD. Traveled to: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA;
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX; California Palace
of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA; Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
Point and Line to Plane–Sculpture from the Leeds Collections, Henry Moore Institute, Leeds, England.
Sculpture, PaceWildenstein, Los Angeles.
Art and the American Experience, Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, MI.
1997 Summer 1997, PaceWildenstein, New York.
In Celebration: Works of Art from the Collections of Princeton Alumni and
Friends of The Art Museum, Princeton University, The Art Museum, Princeton University, New
Jersey.
The Age of Modernism–Art in the 20th Century, Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin.
Inaugural Exhibition, Ace Gallery, Mexico.
Calder–Miró: Colors and Contours, Beadleston Gallery, New York.
American Works: 1945–1975, C&M Arts, New York.
Forms and Rhythms, Barbara Mathes Gallery, New York.
1995 Masterworks of Modern Sculpture: The Nasher Collection, Fine Arts Museums of San
Francisco, CA. Traveled to: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. (through
1997).
Twentieth Century American Sculpture at The White House, Part V (curated by Rusty Powell),
The White House Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C. (through 1997).
Americans in Paris: Man Ray, Gerald Murphy, Stuart Davis and Alexander
Calder, The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.
Sculpture, Galerie Hauser and Wirth, Zürich.
Masters of American Sculpture: Alexander Calder, Mark di Suvero, Richard
Serra, David Smith, Gagosian Gallery, New York.
1995 Craft in the Machine Age, 1920–1945, American Craft Museum, New York (through 1996).
The Figure in American Sculpture: A Question of Modernity, Los Angeles County Museum of
Art. Traveled to: Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, AL; Wichita Art Museum, KS;
National Academy of Design, New York.
Group Show, PaceWildenstein, New York.
Summer 1995, PaceWildenstein, New York.
Kitsch to Corbusier: Wallpapers From the 1950's, Cooper-Hewitt Design Museum, Smithsonian
Institution, New York.
Out of Wood: Arp, Calder, Cornell, Diller, Ernst, Joostens, Nevelson, Popova,
Torres–Garcia, Rachel Adler, New York.
1994 Sculptors' Maquettes, The Pace Gallery, New York.
Sculpture, Nina Freudenheim Gallery, Buffalo, New York.
Zingy! Beth Urdang Gallery, Boston, MA.
1994 Artists Who Worked in Paris, New York and Connecticut, Kent Gallery, Kent, CT.
White Works, PaceWildenstein, New York.
1993 Images and Insights, Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery of Modern Art, Dublin, Ireland (through
1994).
Art Against AIDS Venezia, Peggy Guggenheim Collection (sponsored by the 45 Venice
Biennale), Venice, Italy.
Sculpture and Color, The Pace Gallery, New York.
Picasso and the Age of Iron, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York.
American Art in the 20th Century: Painting and Sculpture 1913–1993, Martin-Gropius-Bau,
Berlin. Traveled to: Royal Academy of Arts, London.
La Collection Maeght 1909–1993, Elac, Lyon, France.
Materia, Imagen y Concepto: Un Recorrido por el Arte Contemporáneo Internacional, Galería
Namia Mondolfi, Caracas, Venezuela.
On Paper: The Figure in 20th Century American Art, Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, New York.
Alexander Calder und Joan Miró, Galerie Kaj Forsblom, Zurich.
Works on Paper and Sculpture, Waddington Galleries, London.
XXth Century Sculpture, Nohra Haime Gallery, New York.
The Linear Image II: Twentieth–Century Master Works on Paper, Marisa del Re Gallery, New York.
Sculptures (1832–1992), Galerie Marc Blondeau, Paris.
Miró and New York: 1930–1950, Washburn Gallery, New York.
1992 Arte Americana 1930–1970, Lingotto, Turin, Italy.
Designs for the Avant–Garde Theater, Rachel Adler Gallery, New York.
Sculpture, Waddington Galleries, London.
Arp e amici, Musei e cultura, Città di Locarno, Italy.
TransForm: BildObjektSkulptur im 20. Jahrhundert, Kunstmuseum und Kunsthalle, Basel, Switzerland.
Territorium Artis, Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, Germany.
Le Portrait Dans L'Art Contemporain, Musée d'Art Moderne et d'Art Contemporain, Nice, France.
L'Art En Mouvement, Foundation Maeght, Paris.
Small Formats and Sculpture, Achim Moeller Fine Art, New York
Masterpieces from the Guggenheim Collection, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Modern Sculpture, Marlborough Gallery, New York.
Conversation, Galerie Kaj Forsblom, Zurich.
1990 Abstract Sculpture in America: 1930–1970, organized by The American Federation of Arts.
Traveled to: Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami, FL; Museum of Arts and
Sciences, Macon, GA; Akron Art Museum, OH; Fort Wayne Museum of Art, IN; Musée
du Quebec, Canada; Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago.
Experiencing Sculpture: The Figurative Presence in America, 1870–1920, The Hudson River
Museum of Westchester, Yonkers, New York (through 1992).
Sculptures Monumentales, Parvis du Musée, Musée d'Art Moderne et d'Art Contemporain,
Nice, France (through 1992).
Drawings from the Permanent Collection, Neuberger Museum, State University of New York
at Purchase.
Heads, A selection of painting and sculpture, Gimpel Fils, London.
Toward a New Museum: Recent Acquisitions in Painting and Sculpture, 1985–1991, San
Francisco Museum of Modern Art, CA.
Abstract Sculpture in America, 1930–1970, Lowe Art Museum, Coral Gables, FL.
Selected Works on Paper, O'Hara Gallery, New York.
La Sculpture et Son Dessin: De Rodin à Robert Morris, JGM. Galerie, Paris.
Masterworks of Contemporary Sculpture, Painting and Drawing, the 1930's to the 1990's,
Bellas Artes, Santa Fe, NM.
Meisterwerke der Foundation Maeght, Stadhalle Balingen, Germany.
1991 Sculpture Biennial, Monte Carlo, France.
Les artistes décident de jouer, Association Campredon Art et Culture, L'Isle-sue-la-Sorgue, France.
1991 Foire Internationale d'Art Contemporain, Grand Palais, Paris.
1990 Art Cars, BMW Gallery, New York (through 1991).
Private Views, Achim Moeller Fine Art, New York (through 1991).
Masterpieces of the Guggenheim Collection, Guggenheim Museum, New York.Traveled to:
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid; Palazzo Grassi, Venice, Italy.
Group Show, Kass/Meridian, Chicago.
Goldschmidt Bequest, Musée d'Art Moderne, Brussels, Belgium.
Calder, Helion, Ozenfant, Popova, Torres–Garcia, Rachel Adler Gallery, New York.
The 20th Anniversary, Fuji Television Gallery, Tokyo.
Portrait of an American Gallery, Galerie Isy Brachot, Brussels, Belgium.
Sculpture and Painting, The Pace Gallery, New York.
Group Show, Samuel P. Harn Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Contemporary Sculpture, Galeria Freites, Caracas, Venezuela.
Private Views: Masters of the 19th and 20th Centuries: Drawings, Paintings, Sculpture, Achim
Moeller Fine Art, New York.
1990 Inaugural Exhibition: One Hundred Years of American and European Art, Adelson Galleries,
New York.
1989 Calder, Johns, Rauschenberg, Wesselmann, Galerie Tokoro, Tokyo.
Wege Zur Abstraktion, Galerie Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland.
1988 Sculptures, Thomas Ammann Fine Art, Zurich.
Flache, Figur, Raum, Galerie Gmurzynska, Cologne, France.
American Mastery: Eight Artists in the Permanent Collection of the Whitney Museum of
American Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
Convulsive Beauty: The Impact of Surrealism on American Art, Whitney Museum of American
Art-Fairfield County, Stamford, CT.
Alexander Calder: Gouaches, Nohra Haime Gallery, New York.
1987 Monte Carlo Sculpture '87, Marisa del Re Gallery, Monte Carlo, France .Contemporary
Sculpture from Florida Collections, University Gallery, College of Fine Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville.
1986 Bakalar Sculpture Gallery, List Visual Arts Center, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA.
Amnesty International USA, 25th Anniversary Art Auction, Santa Fe, NM.
Contemporary Work from The Pace Gallery, University of Alabama, Moody Gallery, GA.
The Machine Age, The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York.
Commemorative exhibition of the 50th Anniversary of the American Artists Congress (1936–
1942), ACA Galleries, New York.
1985 Bell Gallery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island and Cantor Art Gallery, College of the
Holy Cross, Worcester, MA. Traveled to: Parrish Art Museum, Southampton, New
York.Robert Miller Gallery, New York.
Alex Rosenberg Gallery, New York.
The Third Dimension–Sculpture of the New York School, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
1983 Sculpture: The Tradition in Steel, Nassau County Museum of Fine Art, New York (through 1984).
Twentieth–Century Sculpture: Process and Presence, Whitney Museum of American Art at
Philip Morris, New York.
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX.
American Sculpture, Forum Gallery, New York.
The Sculptor as Draftsman, Selections from the Permanent Collection, Whitney Museum of
American Art, New York.
1979 Supershow, The Hudson River Museum, Yonkers, New York.
1978 Sculpture, Modern Works, Philbrook Art Center, OK.
1977 Drawing for Outdoor Sculpture, John Weber Gallery, New York.
1976 Venice Biennale, Italy.
1975 Plane, Flying Colors, Galerie Maeght, Paris Air Show.
Musée des Arts Decoratifs, Louvre, Paris.
Five Americans, The Pace Gallery, New York.
1974 Sixth Biennial of Graphic Design, Brno, Czechoslovakia.
Agora II, Musée de l'Ancienne Douane, Strassboug, France.
Monumenta: Sculpture in the Environment, Newport, RI.
1973 Le Mouvement, Dijon, France.
Three Sculptors: Calder, Nevelson, David Smith, Whitney Museum of American Art, Downtown, New York.
1972 Miró–Calder, Fuji Television Company Gallery, Tokyo.
Galerie Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland.
1971 Sculpture in the Park, Paramus, NJ.
Calder/Nevelson/Smith, Society of the Four Arts, Palm Beach, FL.
1970 Calder and Jean Bazaine, Chateau de Ratilly, Treigny, France.
Sculpture in the City, Reims, France.
1969 New York Painting and Sculpture: 1940–1970, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (through 1970).
Fête de l'Humanité, Vincennes, France.
1968 Arts and Culture, Noisy-le-Sec, France.
1967 City sponsored exhibition of outdoor sculpture, Harlem, New York.
1966 Outdoor Sculpture '66, DeCordova Museum, Lincoln, MA.
1966 Trois Siècles de Tapisseries, Gobelins, Paris.
Municipal Cultural Center, Toulouse, France.
Houston Arts Festival, TX.
Annual Exhibition 1966, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
1965 American Tapestries, Charles E. Slatkin Galleries, New York.
1964 Documenta III, Kassel, Germany.
1961 Motion in Art, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.
Perls Galleries, New York.
Calder, Alexander, Milne, Alexander, Stirling, Alexander, Delaware Art Center.
1959 Nature in Abstraction, Whitney Museum of Art, New York.
1958 Carnegie International Exhibition, Pittsburgh, PA.
1957 Four Masters, World House Galleries, New York.
1955 Le Mouvement, Galerie Denise René, Paris.
1954 Milan Triennale.
1953 São Paulo Biennale, Brazil.
1952 Venice Biennale, Italy.
1951 Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, TX.
Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Exhibition by Seventy-Five Artists Associated with the Art Students
League, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
1949 Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA.
1947 Kunsthalle, Bern, Switzerland.
Le Surréalisme en 1947, Galerie Maeght, Paris.
1942 Artists for Victory, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
First Papers of Surrealism, Reid Mansion, New York.
1939 San Francisco Golden Gate International Exposition, CA.
1938 Trois Siècles d'Art aux États-Unis, Musée du Jeu de Paume, Paris.
1937 Fantastic Art–Miró and Calder, Honolulu Academy of Arts, HI.
1936 Modern Painters and Sculptors as Illustrators, The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Fantastic Art, Dada and Surrealism, The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
1935 Thèse, Anthithèse, Synthèse, Kunstmuseum of Lucerne, Switzerland.
1934 City of New York, Exhibition.
A Selection of Works by Twentieth-Century Artists, Renaissance Society, University of Chicago.
1933 Galerie Pierre, Paris.
1931 Abstraction–Création, Porte de Versailles, Paris.
1930 Painting and Sculpture by Living Americans, The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
1929 Salon des Independants, Paris.
Galerie Neumann und Nierendorf, Berlin.
Harvard Society for Contemporary Art, Cambridge, MA.
Fifty Sixth Street Galleries, New York.
1928 New York Society of Independent Artists, Waldorf–Astoria, March Salon de l'Araignée, Paris.
1926 Salon des Independants, Paris.

Awards:
1976 Bicentennial Artist, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.
1977 Grand Prix National Des Arts et Lettres, Paris by the French Minister of Paris.
Award for “Flamingo,” Second Biennial Awards Program of the General
Services Administration, Washington, D.C.
U.N. Peace Medal.
1973 Honorary Degree, University of Hartford, CT.
1970 Gold Medal for Sculpture, Academy of Arts and Letters, New York.
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ.
1968 Le Monnaie de Paris Medal.
1966 Honorary Degree of Doctor of Art, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
1962 Art in America Award for outstanding contribution to American Art.
Creative Arts Award for sculpture, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.
1961 American Institute of Architects Medal.
1960 Gold Medal of the Architectural League, New York.
1958 1st Prize, Carnegie International Exhibition.
1955 Outstanding Citizen, City of Philadelphia.
1939 Rohm and Haas Plexiglass Sculpture Competition, World’s Fair Hall of Industrial Science, New
York.

Commissions:
1974 Roof-painting for the Knt County Administration Building, Calder Plaza, Grand Rapids, MI.
1973 Braniff International Airlines, DC-8 Jet.
1958 Whirling Ear, Brussel’s World Fair.
Spirale, UNESCO building, Paris.
.125, Idlewild International Airport, New York.
1952 Acoustic Ceiling design, Aula Magna auditorium, University City, Caracas.
1949 Wallpaper and Fabric Design for Laverne Originals, New York.
1939 Water Gallery for the New York Edison Company's fountain, World's Fair Pavilion.
1937 Trophy Design, CBS Award.
Mercury Fountain, Spanish Pavillion, World’s Fair, Paris.
1936 Set design, Martha Graham's "Horizons," New York.
1935 Mobiles, Martha Graham's Panorama, Bennington School of Dance, Vermont.

Public Collections:
Alfred E. Burr Mall, Hartford, CT
Amboise, France
American Republic Insurance, Des Moines, IA
The Art Institute of Chicago
The Art Museum at Florida International University, Miami, FA
Arts Club of Chicago, Chicago
Australia Square, Sydney, Australia
Aztec Stadium, Mexico City.
Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD
BMW Museum, Munich, Germany
Brussels World's Fair, Brussels, Belgium
The Chase Manhattan Collection, New York
Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, Dallas-Fort Worth, TX
Federal Reserve Bank, Philadelphia, PA
Fort Worth National Bank, New York, New York
Fourth National Bank and Trust Company of Wichita, Wichita, CT
City of Fresno, CA
Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Torino, Turin, Italy
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, MI
City of Grand Rapids, MI
The Clos Pegase Sculpture Garden, Calistoga, CA
Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH
Greater Pittsburgh Airport, Pittsburgh, PA
Grenoble Railroad Station, Grenoble, France
The Hakone Open-Air Museum, Kanagawa, Japan
Hanover Opera House, Hanover, Germany
Havana Museum, Havana, Cuba
Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, Hiroshima, Japan
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.
Hotel Avila Ballroom, Caracas, Venezuela
Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery of Modern Art, Dublin, Ireland
Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel
Jean Bart School
Katzenbach & Warren, New York, New York
Kennedy International Airport, Queens, New York
Kentucky Center for the Arts, Louisville, KY
Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Kunstmuseum Basel, Switzerland
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, New York, New York
Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, CA
Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark
Maeght Foundation, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France
Maison de la Culture, Bourges, France
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York
The M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA
Michigan Bell Telephone Building, Detroit, MI
Middle East Airlines and Co., Beirut, Lebanon
Minneapolis Sculpture Garden, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN
Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
Mount Herzl, Jerusalem, Israel
Musée de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
Musée national d`art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain
The Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas
Museum of New Art, Lódz, Poland
The Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York
Museum of Western Art, Moscow, Russia
Nagoya City Art Museum, Nagoya, Japan
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany
National Museum of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, CT City, CT
Nestle SA, Vevey, Switzerland
Neuberger Museum, State University of New York at Purchase, Purchase, New York
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL
Openluchtmuseum voor Beeldhouwkunst Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium
Penn Center Plaza, Philadelphia, PA
Pepsico Sculpture Gardens, Purchase, New York
The Art Museum, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
Rond Point de La Defense Metro Station, Paris, France
Roundtable and The B. Gerald Cantor Sculpture Gardens, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA
Main Square, Sache, France
Sears Tower, Chicago
Security Pacific National Bank, Los Angeles, California
City of Smithtown, Long Island, New York
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York
St. Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Stevens Insitute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ
Storm King Art Center, Sculpture Park, Mountainville, New York
Terrace Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, OH
University of California, Berkeley, Art Museum, Berkeley, CA
University of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
University of Iowa Hospitals, Iowa City, IA
U.S. Consulate, Frankfurt, Germany
U.S. General Services Administration for Federal Center Plaza, Chicago
U.S. Mission to the United States, New York, New York
Weatherspoon Art Gallery, The University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, New York
Yale University, New Haven, CT

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